Okay
1. Attune is basically a fancy word for "Target". To Target an enemy (or fellow pirate) simply walk up to the enemy and press your "attack" button, whether that be your left mouse button or the control button. Basically you just want to jab the enemy with your doll until their name and amount of health shows up in the box where it says attune (and the top of your screen)
2. The first levels you just learn normal enemy attacks. You cannot attack another player unless in a pvp. But you can heal other players when you get to level 4 I believe and you unlock the option to heal. You cannot health yourself, just other pirates around you, by attuning them.
3. You have attacks like "Poke" and "Swarm" they cause damage to an enemy just like a cutlass would, only once you attune them, you can put a distance inbetween them and you. So you can run up, attune someone and then run a fair distance away to avoid being attacked by them. BUT if you run too far, you will lose attunement.
Hope this helps